Climate-resilient coffee model

The climate is undergoing unexpected changes, sometimes catching farmers off guard. This has led those who work with coffee plants daily to struggle to keep up. This loss of control has, in turn, resulted in a reduction in the quality and yield of the harvest. In this context, the necessity of climate-resilient coffee models becomes apparent. Dak Lak province has implemented and executed this intelligent model effectively, yielding promising results.

INTRODUCTION TO THE SMART COFFEE MODEL FOR CLIMATE ADAPTATION IN DAK LAK

Coffee is a crucial agricultural product, playing a pivotal role and providing a primary source of income for farmers in Dak Lak province. According to the provincial People's Committee, as of the beginning of 2023, the total coffee cultivation area in the province exceeds 212,912 hectares, accounting for 32.37% of the agricultural production land. Specifically, coffee production alone amounts to over 550,000 tons, representing one-third of the country's total output. However, farmers face significant pressure due to erratic coffee price fluctuations, relying heavily on external markets while not fully mastering the techniques to produce high-quality coffee batches. There is also an ongoing issue of people cultivating coffee on forestry land or clearing forests for planting.

These challenges necessitate the development of an intelligent agroforestry coffee model to enhance crop quality, increase income for local residents, and mitigate the risk of deforestation. In this context, the agricultural sector provides a list of plant species that can be intercropped with coffee, suitable for the local soil and climate conditions. This creates opportunities for farmers to visit and learn from various agroforestry coffee models in different areas. The model also offers reliable addresses for purchasing fertilizers and supports favorable loan conditions to facilitate agricultural development.

This model was initially implemented on a trial basis in the Lắk and Krông Bông districts in 2023. The results obtained indicate that in the areas where the model was applied, the risk of deforestation has been reduced, the ability to adapt to climate change has improved, and it has brought about more economic value and environmental friendliness compared to traditional cultivation methods.

Climate-resilient coffee model

ORGANIZING VISITS TO THE CLIMATE-ADAPTIVE COFFEE MODEL

The program "Smart Coffee Cultivation for Climate Adaptation" for 2023-2025 has been implemented since June 2023 in five provinces in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, covering 15 key districts engaged in pure coffee cultivation and intercropping with durian and pepper. Recently, on February 28, 2024, local businesses and authorities organized a field trip for scientists, experts, and farmers to visit and share experiences with the "Smart Coffee Cultivation for Climate Adaptation in the Central Highlands" model.

In the plantations, experts, scientists, and farmers came together to share, advise, and guide sustainable coffee cultivation processes adaptable to climate change in the current context.

Notably, scientists and experts directly engaged with farmers, addressing inquiries about various stages of plant growth. This included important considerations during the dry season for coffee fertilization, proper fertilizer usage, irrigation methods, management of significant pests during the dry season in coffee trees, caring for pepper plants, and managing important post-harvest pests on pepper plants.

OBJECTIVES OF VISITING THE CLIMATE-ADAPTIVE COFFEE MODEL

In Dak Lak province, four coffee cultivation models—intercropping with pepper, pure coffee cultivation, and intercropping with durian—participated in the "Smart Coffee Cultivation for Climate Adaptation" program in the gardens of the following households: Hoàng Đức Quang (Ea Puk commune, Krông Năng district), Võ Thành Công (Ea K'pam commune, Cư M’gar district), Nguyễn Huy Thân (Cư Huê commune, Ea Kar district), and Lương Thị Mơ (Ea K'nuếch commune, Krông Pắc district), covering a total area of 3 hectares.

The program aims to establish a comprehensive technical package to provide practical and scientific knowledge for farmers engaging in pure coffee cultivation or intercropping coffee with durian or pepper. This knowledge can be applied in cultivation practices to enhance productivity, quality, and income, while contributing to sustainable growth, minimizing adverse environmental impacts, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Businesses, organizations, and authorities are collaboratively addressing coffee cultivation issues and climate adaptation alongside farmers. The collective efforts and endeavors are gradually yielding positive results as coffee production in Vietnam is beginning to embody the concept of sustainability, enhancing quality, and gaining recognition in the international market.

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