Liberica coffee can become a new star of the coffee world in the future

The world is warming up, the area suitable for growing coffee is increasingly shrinking. The coffee industry faces challenges when productivity and coffee quality decline and some varieties are at risk of extinction. Therefore, experts are making efforts to expand the coffee portfolio with new varieties. Among them, Liberica coffee is considered to have strong adaptation potential and the ability to re-export as a main crop such as Arabica and Robusta. Explore with XLIII Coffee!

A few words about Liberica coffee

Liberica coffee is known for its origin from the Republic of Liberia - a country on the West African coast. Through many years of development, today Liberica is naturalized all over the world and is famous in coffee growing areas in Asia. Overall, Liberica has many strange characteristics, different from regular coffee lines. The shape of the tree is large, tall and can grow up to 20m. Fruits and seeds also tend to be larger than many types, and their asymmetrical appearance creates a very unique look. The tree is healthy and has high productivity. When ripe, the fruit is still on the tree, helping farmers harvest synchronously. In particular, Liberica's caffeine content is less but has a stronger aroma and flavor than Arabica and Robusta. The flavor profile is close to dark chocolate, nutty and slightly smoky. However, because of its strong and intense flavor, although it is rare, Liberica is not popular with people who like mild flavors.

Cà phê Liberica

Liberica coffee is known for its origin from the Republic of Liberia

Liberica coffee once almost usurped Arabica's throne

Many experts have discovered that Liberica coffee has good pest resistance and can grow in warm, lowland areas (elevation 0 - 1000 m). Some studies also show that Liberica is drought-resistant, preferring climates with more even annual rainfall and high humidity. These characteristics caused Liberica coffee to emerge as a viable alternative or complement to Arabica coffee during the 1880s. When Liberica was selected for popularity, it was suggested that Liberica could overtake Arabica coffee. Arabica throne and opened the frontier of coffee cultivation due to its ability to grow in warm, low-altitude environments.

However, the replacement of Arabica did not materialize. Nevertheless, Liberica expanded the area of coffee production to a significant extent in the last two decades of the 19th century. The area expanded to include the entire low-altitude tropical belt of the world. , including South America, some Caribbean island countries, Africa, the Indian Ocean Islands, Asia and Australia. At the same time, in three decades, Liberica coffee has also become a popular crop in upper West Africa, Madagascar and Asia (especially the Philippines, India, Malaysia, Java).

Cà phê Liberica

Liberica coffee has good resistance to pests and diseases

Liberica coffee can make a prominent comeback in the context of increasing climate change

According to current estimates, the number of wild coffee trees is gradually disappearing due to climate change and deforestation. Arabica and Robusta farms are also facing challenges due to increasing climate change. Coffee output in many regions is expected to decline sharply, causing a strong disruption in the global coffee supply. This makes experts from the Royal Botanic Garden of the United Kingdom believe that Liberica coffee can break out of the shadow of Arabica and Robusta and open opportunities for commercial development for Liberica and its variants.

Cà phê Liberica

Liberica coffee can break out of the shadow of Arabica and Robusta

Specifically, in a December report published in the journal Nature Plants, the authors highlighted the potential of Liberica, especially its excelsa variant. Developing Liberica coffee variants could be the most optimal, cost-effective, and successful climate adaptation strategy for the coffee industry. According to the analysis, excelsa has received attention from researchers, commercial actors looking for market differentiation, crop diversification and climate adaptation pathways. Besides, this variant of  Liberica can bring many benefits compared to traditional Liberica in terms of coffee quality, cultivation requirements, and resilience to pests. The sensory attributes of the flavor profile also show promising potential aspects for the industry in the future.

Cà phê Liberica

Growing Liberica coffee could be an optimal climate adaptation strategy

It can be seen that Liberica coffee and Liberica variants have great prospects. However, researchers also note that Liberica's direction depends on the market situation and the supply of Arabica and Robusta coffee. Otherwise, it will be difficult for the coffee industry to promote market-oriented research or commercial adoption for this type of coffee. The future is very difficult to predict accurately, please follow XLIII Coffee's Journal channel to update the situation promptly and quickly.

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