What is Yellow Bourbon Coffee? How is it Different from Red Bourbon?

Yellow Bourbon is one of the earliest Arabica varieties in the Bourbon subgroup, renowned for its exceptional cup quality and significantly higher yield compared to other varieties. First appearing in the 1930s on a Red Bourbon farm near Pederneiras, São Paulo, it is believed to be a result of natural hybridization between Red Bourbon and Yellow Botucatu or a natural mutation of Red Bourbon.

Since its discovery, Yellow Bourbon has garnered the attention of scientists at the Campinas Agronomic Institute (IAC), where official studies began in 1942. After three years of experimentation and selection, 30 Yellow Bourbon strains were cultivated and thoroughly researched. By the 1950s, the most promising varieties, coded “IAC J,” were widely distributed to farmers. This variety proved advantageous in yield and quality, with production tripling between 1949 and 1951.

First appearing in the 1930s on a Red Bourbon farm near the city of Pederneiras, São Paulo, Yellow Bourbon is believed to be the result of a natural cross between Red Bourbon and Yellow Botucatu, or possibly a natural mutation of Red Bourbon

However, in later decades, Yellow Bourbon was gradually replaced by higher-yielding varieties. Despite this, it remains highly regarded for its unique flavor and has played a crucial role in enhancing the value of specialty coffee on the global market.

Biological Features

As its name suggests, Yellow Bourbon produces striking yellow cherries and shares biological traits similar to other Bourbon varieties. First identified in 1942 by Professor Krug, the yellow color of the cherries is derived from a recessive genetic trait known as "Xanthocarpa," from the Greek words xanthus (yellow) and carpus (fruit).

Yellow Bourbon trees can grow up to 2.8 meters tall, with early-ripening cherries and higher productivity compared to other Bourbon varieties. However, the variety is susceptible to leaf rust and requires meticulous care during cultivation. It shows its best potential when grown at altitudes above 1,000 meters with proper farming, harvesting, and post-harvest practices.

As the name suggests, Yellow Bourbon coffee has eye-catching yellow fruit and biological characteristics relatively similar to other Bourbon varieties

Flavor Profile and Considerations

Yellow Bourbon is known for its vibrant sweetness, marked by distinct citric acidity. Its flavor profile often includes ripe fruit and raisin notes.

According to expert Ensei Neto, the flavor complexity arises from a high fructose content, along with specific organic acids and fatty acids in its beans. Neto also notes that optimizing the flavor of Yellow Bourbon requires precise roasting techniques, such as shorter roast times at higher temperatures to enhance its sweetness and smoothness.

In 2017, during the Cup of Excellence competition, a lot of Brazilian Yellow Bourbon scored 92.33 points in the Pulped Naturals category. This lot was sold at an astonishing $126.00 per pound in auction—100 times the C-market price at the time.

The flavor profile of Yellow Bourbon comes from the variety's beans which have a significant amount of fructose along with some fatty and organic acids

Both Yellow Bourbon and Red Bourbon belong to the Bourbon lineage, but key differences set them apart in production and flavor characteristics:

Yellow Bourbon is cultivated in many renowned coffee-growing regions worldwide, from East Africa to Latin America. Countries like Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, and Tanzania stand out for producing this variety due to their high altitudes and nitrogen-rich volcanic soils, which contribute to its distinctive sweetness and depth.

In Latin America, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras are prominent Yellow Bourbon producers. El Salvador, in particular, is known for its red, yellow, and orange Bourbon varieties, often shade-grown to ensure even ripening and optimal harvest quality. This enhances the sweetness and aromatic complexity, especially in Yellow Bourbon. Colombian coffee farms also produce high-quality Bourbon varieties, including Pink Bourbon, known for its excellent cup scores and consistent yield.

Yellow Bourbon is a coffee variety widely grown in many famous coffee regions around the world, from East African countries to Latin America

Conclusion

Yellow Bourbon is a promising variety in the specialty coffee world, known for its sweet, vibrant flavor, light acidity, and distinctively complex notes. Its unique characteristics, derived from genetic traits and environmental conditions, set it apart from Red Bourbon and make it a prized choice for coffee enthusiasts seeking sophistication and depth in their cup.

Visit XLIII Coffee to savor Yellow Bourbon from some of the world’s finest specialty coffee regions!

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1. Where does Yellow Bourbon originate?

Yellow Bourbon was first discovered in Brazil in the 1930s as a result of natural hybridization between Red Bourbon and Yellow Botucatu. It quickly gained popularity for its high yield and exceptional cup quality.

2. What makes Yellow Bourbon unique compared to other Bourbon varieties?

Its distinctive yellow cherries, resulting from a recessive genetic mutation, offer vibrant sweetness, light acidity, and complex flavor notes.

3. What climate and altitude suit Yellow Bourbon best?

Yellow Bourbon thrives at altitudes above 1,000 meters, particularly in nitrogen-rich volcanic soils found in Brazil, Rwanda, and Burundi.

4. What is the flavor profile of Yellow Bourbon?

Yellow Bourbon features a sweet profile with ripe fruit and raisin notes, complemented by light acidity. It is praised for its smooth and approachable character.

5. Is Yellow Bourbon easy to cultivate?

While Yellow Bourbon has high-quality potential, it requires careful attention to prevent diseases like coffee leaf rust. Proper farming and processing practices are essential for maximizing its potential.